Each medical record was independently reviewed by at least 2 physician adjudicators, and in the case of discrepancy, a third physician served as tie breaker (confirmation rate of self-reported HF was 37% ).
HF hospitalization was defined using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition, 3 and required that all of the following criteria be met: admission to a hospital as a result of HF (2) new or worsening symptoms as a result of HF on presentation at least 2 physical signs or 1 physical sign plus at least 1 laboratory criterion obtained within 24 hours of presentation and patient received initiation or intensification of HF treatment. Each participant signed informed consent and the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Brigham and Women’s Hospital.įirst hospitalization for HF after randomization was the primary outcome, and recurrent hospitalization for HF was a prespecified secondary outcome. 2 We excluded 36 participants with prevalent HF for current analyses.
Detailed descriptions of the VITAL design and main results have been published.
VITAL-HF (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial–Heart Failure) is an ancillary study of the parent VITAL trial, which is a completed randomized trial with a 2×2 factorial design to examine the efficacy of vitamin D 3 (2000 IU/d) and omega-3 fatty acids (1 gram per day, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in 25 871 adults from 2011 to 2017. The present ancillary study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 supplements on the incidence of HF hospitalization in a large multiethnic cohort. 1 Vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acids have each been associated with reduced risks of HF in observational studies, but randomized trial evidence is limited. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪmong older adults, heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization in the United States and is associated with high costs and mortality.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).